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Knowledge Base · Evergreen References

Knowledge Base

Practical guides distilled from 26 years of China-port experience. Covers HS codes, customs documentation, Incoterms, export VAT refunds, route economics, and more — written so importers, sourcing teams, and freight buyers can apply it directly.

Charges & Quotes

LCL Shipping from China Complete Guide: W/M Revenue Ton Math, Destination Fee Traps & LCL-vs-FCL Break-Even

1 CBM:1,000 kg vs. US IPI 1:363 kg W/M billing math, Direct vs. Via-Hub consol, how CIF zero-freight rebates inflate destination CISF charges, the 12–16 CBM LCL-to-20GP break-even formula, and Qingdao CFS co-loading rules.

~8 min read 2026-11-09
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Ocean Operations

OOG Special Container Shipping from China: Open Top & Flat Rack Specs, Lost Slots Math & CTU Lashing Guide

20OT/40OT Open Top & 20FR/40FR Flat Rack clearances and t/m point-load limits, carrier Lost Slots pricing geometry, IMO CTU Code lashing & marine survey standards, and Qingdao Port CFS stuffing & ship-side delivery.

~8 min read 2026-11-09
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Export Process

China–Europe & Central Asia Rail Freight Guide: Corridors, Gauge Changes, SMGS/CIM Waybills & Cost Comparison

Western/Central/Eastern corridors & Trans-Caspian Middle Corridor (TITR), 1435mm/1520mm gauge changes, Air vs. Rail vs. Ocean matrix, 20GP paired weight rules, non-negotiable SMGS/CIM waybills, battery rules, and Qingdao SCO sea-rail transit.

~18 min read 2026-11-05
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Ocean Operations

Factory Loading vs. Port CFS Warehouse Stuffing in China: Cost Math, Buyer's Consolidation & Qingdao Port SOP

10-dimension comparison of live factory drayage vs. Qingdao Port CFS stuffing, worked North China heavy-cargo cost math, multi-supplier Buyer's Consolidation with split VAT rebate declarations, and 8-photo lashing SOPs.

~17 min read 2026-11-05
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Ocean Operations

Ocean Shipping Exceptions SOP: Rolled Cargo, Shut-Outs, COD Rerouting, B/L Amendments & Abandoned Cargo

A 12-hour triage handbook for 6 ocean crises: Rolled Cargo vs. Port Shut-Outs & China Single Window rollover rules, 5-step pre-sailing customs withdrawal, post-AMS/ICS2 B/L amendments, COD restowage math, and Art. 93 abandoned cargo rescue.

~18 min read 2026-11-05
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Ocean Operations

Reefer Container Export Guide from China: Temperature & Ventilation Settings, PTI, Pre-Cooling & Cold-Chain Pitfalls

Bottom-air physics, 20RF/40RH usable CBM, a 10-commodity temperature & CBM/h ventilation table, PTI & open-dock pre-cooling traps, Red Load Line & T-bar stowage rules, Genset drayage, plug-in fees and reefer claim forensics.

~18 min read 2026-10-29
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Charges & Quotes

Ocean Cargo Claims from China: Carrier Liability Limits, Time Bars, Evidence & Insurance Recovery

Who pays when ocean cargo arrives damaged? Eight key changes in the 2026 Chinese Maritime Code (delivery market-price valuation, fire-on-board narrowing, etc.), insurer vs shipping line vs NVOCC forwarder, 15-day notice, 1-year dual-track time bar, 666.67 SDR limits, 12 defences and 10 evidence files.

~18 min read 2026-10-29
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Compliance & Tax

EU CBAM Guide 2026: Definitive-Period Rules and What Chinese Exporters Must Do

Authorised declarants, annual declarations, the certificate timeline, actual vs default embedded emissions, phase-out cost modeling, the 50-tonne exemption and DDP traps — an action checklist for steel, aluminium, cement, fertiliser and hydrogen exporters.

~16 min read 2026-09-28
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Dangerous Goods

Chemical Products Ocean Export Guide: IMDG, DG Packaging & Compliance

IMDG 9-class classification, MSDS/SDS, DG packaging certificate, DGD filing, SOC containers, DG booking sequence, port DG yards, destination compliance (REACH/TSCA/K-REACH), and eight common hold-up causes — all in one place.

~16 min read 2026-09-24
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Charges & Quotes

How to Read an Ocean Freight Quote: A 12-Point Comparison Checklist

Check scope, units, validity, destination fees, free time and amendment terms. Includes a worked LCL quote comparison and a reusable enquiry template for shipping from China.

~12 min read 2026-09-23
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Export Process

Complete Guide to Exporting from China: A 10-Step Roadmap from Factory to Payment

From supplier qualifications and contract negotiation to customs clearance, ocean shipping, tax rebates, and payment collection — a comprehensive 10-step guide for buyers and exporters.

~18 min read 2026-09-20
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Ocean Operations

Qingdao Port Export Guide: Port Areas, Operations & Shandong Industry Shipping

A practical guide to Qingdao Port's Qianwan, Dongjiakou and Dagang areas, gate-in, customs and SI/VGM cut-offs, route and carrier selection, trucking costs, and export tips for Shandong's key industries.

~16 min read 2026-09-19
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Export Process

China Export Commodity Inspection & Quarantine (CIQ) Process

How to check HS supervision condition B, file at origin, obtain the electronic ledger and clear at port, with DG packaging, IPPC, document checklists, lead times and practical pitfalls.

~15 min read 2026-09-18
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Charges & Quotes

What's Included in Ocean Freight? Origin, Surcharges and Destination Charges

The three layers of ocean freight cost, fully itemised: origin local charges, 20+ surcharges (BAF, LSS, GRI, PSS, ISPS, EU ETS) with their triggers and adjustment cycles, destination charges, an Incoterms allocation table, six quotation pitfalls and a worked 40HQ example.

~15 min read 2026-09-11
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Charges & Quotes

Demurrage vs Detention: Free Time, Fee Calculation and How to Avoid Them

Demurrage, detention and storage untangled: when free time starts, how tiered per diem rates add up, who pays under FOB/CIF/DAP/DDP, carrier free-time benchmarks, six root causes, dispute tips and a pre-booking checklist.

~12 min read 2026-09-09
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Charges & Quotes

General Average Explained: Conditions, Security and Contribution

Why the carrier will not release your container: the four conditions, admissible sacrifices and expenses, contributory values and a worked rate, average bonds versus insurers' guarantees, cash deposit levels, how cargo insurance responds, the DALI case and a 48-hour action list.

~16 min read 2026-10-19
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Documents & Clearance

Export Shipping Documents Guide: 15 Essential Files from Invoice to B/L

Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Customs Declaration, Bill of Lading, Certificate of Origin, VGM, Fumigation Certificate — all 15 essential files explained with preparation timeline and top 10 common errors.

~16 min read 2026-08-25
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Incoterms

FOB vs CIF vs DDP: Risk and Freight Cost Comparison

Risk-transfer points, freight cost breakdown, who pays what, and when to choose each term — with a side-by-side comparison table and scenario-based decision guide.

~8 min read 2026-08-21
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Ocean Operations

Container Size Chart: 20GP / 40GP / 40HQ / 45HQ

External/internal/door dimensions, volume 33/67/76/86 m³, tare/MGW/net payload, heavy-vs-light cargo box selection, packing efficiency, CBM formula, LCL-vs-FCL tipping points, special containers, VGM and trucking weight limits.

~13 min read 2026-08-06
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Documents & Clearance

Destination Port Clearance & DDU/DAP Charges: Who Clears, Who Pays

The six-step destination clearance flow, 12 charges itemized (D/O, DTHC, duty & VAT, demurrage/detention), DAP vs DDP cost splits, market-by-market notes, and abandoned-cargo risk control.

~15 min read 2026-07-29
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Ocean Operations

Qingdao Port Export Operations: Terminals, Cut-offs, Trucking & Delays

Qianwan/Huangdao terminals, in-gate and SI/VGM cut-offs, empty pickup and full trucking, depots, top roll-over causes, and a shipper checklist — Qingdao field guide.

~16 min read 2026-07-17
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Compliance & Tax

RCEP Certificate of Origin: A Practical Guide

15 countries, ~30% of global GDP. CO application, 5 origin criteria (WO/PE/CTC/RVC/CR), cumulation, back-to-back certificates, approved-exporter self-declaration, FORM E comparison, and rejection causes.

~14 min read 2026-07-02
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Compliance & Tax

2026 China Export Tax Rebate Changes: A Practical Guide

249 product categories see rebates go to zero; 22 battery categories drop to 6% (zero in 2027). Policy points, filing rules, rebate calculation, critical-period orders, official library links, and an exporter action checklist.

~15 min read 2026-07-02
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Incoterms

DDP Shipping from China: Door-to-Door Duty Paid Guide

The full DDP workflow, cost breakdown, IOR requirements, duty estimation, common risks, and how DDP compares with DAP/DDU — for importers, Amazon FBA sellers, and DTC brands.

~14 min read 2026-05-20
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Incoterms

Incoterms 2020 Explained: FOB / CIF / CFR / DDP — How to Choose

The 11 Incoterms 2020 rules ranked by seller obligation: responsibilities, risk-transfer points, cost scope, and when to use each. Side-by-side FOB vs CIF and container shipping pitfalls.

~13 min read 2026-05-20
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Dangerous Goods

Lithium Battery & Dangerous Goods Shipping from China

UN3480 / UN3481 / UN3090 / UN3091, the four required documents (UN38.3, SDS, DG packaging cert, DGD), IATA air rules, IMDG ocean rules, and destination-country compliance for US, EU, UK, Canada, Japan, Australia.

~15 min read 2026-05-20
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Documents & Clearance

Bill of Lading (B/L) Types & Handling Guide

MBL/HBL, straight / order / bearer, originals vs telex release vs Seaway Bill, the 14 critical fields, Switch B/L, lost-B/L recovery, and release-without-original risk.

~14 min read 2026-05-20
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Export Process

HS Code Lookup & Classification Guide for China Exports

How China's 10-digit customs code is structured, where to verify it, the WCO classification rules, and what to do when classification turns out to be wrong.

~12 min read 2026-05-11
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Coming Soon

More guides on the way

Topics in our pipeline:

  • Air freight chargeable weight (1:167) & volume-split rules
  • Letter of Credit (L/C) settlement & document checks
  • Marine insurance: coverage, claims & best practices
Follow our Industry News for the latest updates.
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